By 2025, my country's new materials will achieve 10 trillion, and these three directions will definitely explode
En av de nye materialretningene: lette materialer
1. Karbonfiber
Carbon fiber materials are used in aerospace, wind power, sports and leisure, automobiles and other fields with their excellent properties. They are the most widely used and market-oriented materials in the field of new materials, and are known as "the king of new materials". The global carbon fiber market demand has grown rapidly in recent years, and my country has also seized the opportunity to develop into the world's second largest carbon fiber producer.
However, compared with foreign countries, my country's carbon fiber industry still has the problems of low capacity utilization, few high-end products, and difficult application and development. The downstream industry still relies heavily on imported carbon fiber products. In the current international environment, realizing the dual autonomy of carbon fiber scale production and application development is the key to enhancing my country's national defense and manufacturing strength and ensuring the stability of the supply chain.
Carbon fiber is a carbon backbone structure inorganic fiber with a carbon content higher than 90 percent formed by the pyrolysis and carbonization of organic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (or pitch, viscose) in a high temperature environment, as a high-performance material. Produced in the 1960s.
Karbonfiber har utmerkede mekaniske egenskaper og kjemisk stabilitet: som fiberen med høyest spesifikk styrke (styrkespesifikk tetthet) og høyest spesifikk stivhet (modulusspesifikk tetthet) blant høyytelsesfibrene som for tiden er masse{{1 }}produsert, er karbonfiber en viktig del av romfart, vindkraft. Ideelle materialer for blader, nye energikjøretøyer og andre felt med krav til lav vekt. Egenskapene til korrosjonsmotstand, høy temperaturbestandighet og liten ekspansjonskoeffisient gjør det til en erstatning for metallmaterialer i tøffe miljøer; i tillegg utvider de elektriske og termiske konduktivitetsegenskapene sin anvendelse innen kommunikasjonselektronikk.
I henhold til antall filamenter i hver bunt av karbonfibre, er karbonfibre generelt delt inn i to kategorier: lite slep og stort slep. Lite slep har bedre ytelse, men høyere pris, og brukes vanligvis i høy-teknologisk felt som romfart og militærindustri, samt-av høykvalitets sportsutstyr; stort slep har en lavere kostnad og brukes ofte i grunnleggende industrier, inkludert sivil konstruksjon, transport og energiutstyr, etc. .
Global kapasitetsskala og etterspørselsforventninger
In 2020, the global carbon fiber operating capacity is 171,650 tons, an increase of 16,750 tons compared with 2019, a growth rate of 10.8 percent . The United States, China, and Japan assumed the main production capacity, accounting for 21.7 percent , 21.1 percent , and 17.0 percent , respectively. At present, the major manufacturers still have about 80,000 tons/year of unfinished expansion plans, which also reflects the manufacturers' optimistic expectations for the industry's prospects.
Når det gjelder etterspørsel, er de fire store applikasjonsindustriene i karbonfibermarkedet romfart, vindkraftblader, sport og fritid og biler. I 2020 vil de fire nedstrømsindustriene stå for mer enn 70 prosent av etterspørselen etter karbonfiber og mer enn 76 prosent av produksjonsverdien.
Since 2015, the industry estimates that the world's carbon fiber demand has maintained a growth of about 12 percent , but due to the impact of the epidemic, the global demand for carbon fiber in 2020 will total 107,000 tons, an increase of only 3 percent compared to 2019. The total sales amount was about 2.615 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 8.8 percent , mainly due to the slump in the aviation industry caused by the epidemic, which affected the sales of high-value high-performance carbon fiber. The wind power field has become the main driving force for the industry to maintain growth, and the demand for carbon fiber has maintained an annual growth of 20 percent despite the epidemic.
In the short term, the recovery of the world aviation industry and the large-scale laying of wind power equipment in 2021 can bring the carbon fiber market back to the channel of rapid growth. In the long run, the aviation industry needs to digest the excess capacity in 2020, and wind power will continue to be the main driving force for the growth of the carbon fiber market in the future. In October 2020, representatives of more than 400 wind energy companies around the world jointly issued the "Wind Energy Beijing Declaration", planning to add more than 50 million kilowatts of installed capacity in 2020-2025.
I sammenheng med utvidelsen av produksjonen til store vindkraftprodusenter, har bruken av karbonfiber i vindturbiner ennå ikke blitt rullet ut i stor skala, og bare verdens vindkraftgigant Vestas har dannet en stor- skalaapplikasjon. Ettersom andre vindkraftselskaper utvikler applikasjoner for karbonfiberkompositter, vil etterspørselen etter karbonfiber i vindkraftindustrien sannsynligvis vokse eksponentielt. Det er anslått at innen 2025 vil den totale etterspørselen etter karbonfiber i verden overstige 200,000 tonn, tilsvarende en årlig vekstrate på 13,3 prosent.